Rheumatic disease in elderly population, how different from the conventional presentations?
Keywords:
Rheumatic disease, healthcare, chronic diseases, diseasesAbstract
Better healthcare facilities and therapeutic advances have contributed to a steep rise in geriatric population in India and all over the world. Hence the focus of medical/healthcare field has shifted to the management of chronic diseases seen in the elderly population. Rheumatologic diseases in elderly can be divided into: 1) diseases that primarily occur in the elderly population and 2) diseases usually occurring in the young decade and progress with age or have a late onset variant. The review mainly focuses on the late onset variants of various diseases including their difference from the conventional presentations and their diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the elderly population.
References
Beccastrini E, Mahajan A, Ray A. The Indian elder: Factors affecting geriatric care in India. Global Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2013;2:1-4.
Shah B, Prabhakar AK. Chronic morbidity profile among elderly. IJMR.1997;106: 265-272.
Srivastava MR, Sachan B, Gupta P, Bhardwaj P, Srivastava JP, Bisht A, et al. Morbidity status and its social determinants among elderly population of Lucknow District, India. J App. Med. Sci.2013;1(6):758-764.
Kavanaugh AF. Rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly: Is it a different disease? Am J Med. 1997;103(6A):40S- 48S.
Rasch EK, Hirsch R, Paulose-Ram R, Hochberg M AC. Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in persons 60 years of age and older in the United States. Effect of different methods of case classification. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:917 – 926.
Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, et al. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1520–8:959-963.
Van Schaardenburg D, Breedveld FC. Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Jun;23(6):367-378.
Bhakta BB, Pease CT. Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis: Is pitting oedema of the hands at onset a good prognostic indicator? Br J Rheumatol. 1997;36:214-219.
Pease CT, Bhakta BB, Devlin J, Emery P. Does the age of onset of rheumatoid arthritis influence phenotype? a prospective study of outcome and prognostic factors. Rheumatology. 1999;38(3):228-234.
Villa-Blanco JI, Calvo-Alén J. Elderly onset rheumatoid arthritis: differential diagnosis and choice of first-line and subsequent therapy. Drugs Aging. 2009;26:739-750
Turkcapar N, Demir O, Atli T, Kopuk M, Turgay M, Kinikli G, Duman M. Late onset rheumatoid arthritis: clinical and laboratory comparisons with younger onset patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2006;42(2):225-231.
Hellier JP, Eliaou JF, Daures JP, Sany J, Combe B. HLA-DRB1 genes and patients with late onset rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:531–533.
Gonzalez-Gay MA, Hajeer AH, Dababneh A, Makki R, Garcia-Porrua C, Thomson W,Ollier W. Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis in elderly and polymyalgia rheumatica have similar patterns of HLA association. J Rheumatol. 2001;28(1):122-125.
Corrigan AB, Robinson RG, Terenty TR, Dick-Smith JB, Walters D. Benign rheumatoid arthritis of the aged. Br Med J. 1974;1:444–446.
Huscher D, Sengler C, Gromnica-Ihle E, Bischoff S, Eidner T, Ochs W, Richter J, Zink A. Clinical presentation, burden of disease and treatment in young-onset and late-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a matched-pairs analysis taking age and disease duration into account. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31(2):256-262.
Pease CT, Haugeberg G, Montague B, Hensor EMA, Bhakta BB, Thomson W, Ollier WER, Morgan AW. Polymyalgia rheumatica can be distinguished from late onset rheumatoid arthritis at baseline: results of a 5-yr prospective study. Rheumatology. 2009;48:123–127.
Mueller RB, Kaegi T, Finckh A, Haile SR, Schulze-Koops H, Von Kempis J. Is radiographic progression of late-onset rheumatoid arthritis different from young-onset rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Swiss prospective observational cohort. Rheumatology. 2014;53:671-677.
Calvo-Alén J, Corrales A, Sánchez-Andrada S, Fernández-Echevarría MA, Peña JL, Rodríguez-Valverde V. Outcome of late-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2005;24(5):485-489
Yang M, Liang Y, Cen XM, Xie QB, Yin G. [Disease activity and therapeutic strategy of patients with late-onset rheumatoid arthritis]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2015;46(2):289-292.
Perez LE, Baute JJB, Reyes SB. Severe secondary bone marrow aplasia due to methotrexate in a patient with late onset rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatol Clin. 2014;10(5):344–349.
Radovits BJ, Kievit W, Laan RFJM. Tumour necrosis factor α antagonists in the management of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly: a review of their efficacy and safety. Drugs Aging. 2009;26(8): 647-664.
Ruban TN, Jacob B, Pope JE, Keystone EC, Bombardier C, Kuriya B. The influence of age at disease onset on disease activity and disability: results from the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative. Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Aug 6.[Epub ahead of print]
Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Listing J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):777-783.
Dubost JJ, Sauvezie B. Current aspects of inflammatory rheumatic diseases in elderly patients. Revue du Rhumatisme et Des Maladies Ost´eo-Articulaires.1992;59:37S–42S.
Toussirot E, Wendling D. Late-onset ankylosing spondylitis and related spondylarthropathies: clinical and radiological characteristics and pharmacological treatment options. Drugs Aging. 2005;22(6):451-469.
Olivieri I, D’Angelo S, Palazzi C, Pietro L, Padula L. Late-onset spondyloarthritis: subset that should not be forgotten. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:1110-1112.
Montilla C, Del Pino-Montes J, Collantes-Estevez E, Font P, Zarco P, Mulero J. Clinical features of late-onset ankylosing spondylitis: comparison with early-onset disease. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(5):1008-1012.
Olivieri I, D’Angelo S, Padula A. Spondyloarthritis with onset after age 45. Curr Rheumatol Rep.2013;15:374.
Carbone LD, Cooper C, Michet CJ, Atkinson EJ, O’Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Ankylosing spondylitis in Rochester, Minnesota,1935-1989. Is the epidemiology changing? Arthritis Rheum.1992;35:1476-1482.
Feldtkeller E, Bruckel J, Khan MA. Scientific contributions of ankylosing spondylitis patient advocacy groups. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2000;12:239-247.
Skare TL, Leite N, Bortoluzzo AB, Gonçalves CR, da Silva JA, Ximenes AC, et al. Effect of age at disease onset in the clinical profile of spondyloarthritis: a study of 1424 Brazilian patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30(3):351-357.
Chen HA, Chen CH, Liao HT, Lin YJ, Chen PC, Chen WS, et al. Clinical, functional, and radiographic differences among juvenile-onset, adult-onset, and late-onset ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(5):1013-1018.
Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, et al. Times trend in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over three decades: a population-based study. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:362–367.
Brophy S, Calin A. Ankylosing spondylitis: interaction between genes, joints, age at onset, and disease expression. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:2283-2288.
Olivieri I, Garcia-Porrua C, Padula A, Cantini F, Salvarani C, Gonzalez-Gay MA. Late onset undifferentiated spondyloarthritis presenting with polymyalgia rheumatica features: description of seven cases. Rheumatol Int. 2007;27(10):927-933.
Aydeniz A, Altındağ O, Oğüt E, Gürsoy S. Late onset spondyloarthropathy mimicking polymyalgia rheumatica. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(5):1357-1358.
Dubost JJ, Soubrier M, Ristori JM, Guillemot C, Bussière JL, Sauvezie B. Late-onset spondyloarthropathy mimicking reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. Joint Bone Spine. 2003;70(3):226-229.
Hmamouchi I, Bahiri R, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Clinical and radiological presentations of late-onset spondyloarthritis. ISRN Rheumatol. 2011;2011:840475.
Toussirot E. Late-onset ankylosing spondylitis and spondylarthritis: an update on clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and pharmacological therapies. Drugs Aging. 2010;27(7):523-531.
Feng X, Zou Y, Pan W, Wang X, Wu M, Zhang M, et al. Associations of clinical features and prognosis with age at disease onset in patients with systemic lupus erytematosous. Lupus. 2014;23(3):327-334.
Chen YM, Lin CH, Chen HH, Chang SN, Hsieh TY, Hung WT, et al. Onset age affects mortality and renal outcome of female systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. Rheumatology. 2014;53(1):180-185.
Ho CT, Mok CC, Lau CS, Wong RW. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Chinese. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998;57(7):437-440.
Lin H, Wei JC, Tan CY, Liu YY, Li YH, Li FX, et al. Survival analysis of late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study in China. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(12):1683-1689.
Tang Z, Chen D, Yang S, Zhang H, Hu W, Liu Z, et al. Late onset lupus nephritis: analysis of clinical manifestations and renal pathological features in Chinese patients. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31(12):1625-1629.
Koh ET, Boey ML. Late onset lupus: a clinical and immunological study in a predominantly Chinese population. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(8):1463-1467.
Lockshin MD. Biology of the sex and age distribution of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(4):608-611.
Radzi AM, Huan KS, Yahaya N, Shahera A, Kong N, Mohd Noah R. Disease expression and HLA types in early and late onset disease of Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Malays J Med Sci. 2001;8(2):32-39.
JH Choi, DJ Park, JH Kang, YR Yim1, KE Lee1, JW Lee1, et al. Comparison of clinical and serological differences among juvenile-, adult-, and late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Korean patients. Lupus. 2015;24:1342–1349.
Mak A, Mok CC, Chu WP, To CH, Wong SN, Au TC. Renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative analysis of different age groups. Lupus. 2007;16(1):28-34.
Sayarlioglu M, Cefle A, Kamali S, Gul A, Inanc M, Ocal L, et al. Characteristics of patients with late onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Turkey. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59(2):183-187.
Shaikh SK, Wang F. Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and immunological characteristics. Med J Malaysia. 1995;50(1):25-31.
Tomic-Lucic A, Petrovic R, Radak-Perovic M, Milovanovic D, Milovanovic J, Zivanovic S, et al. Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features, course, and prognosis. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(7):1053-1058.
Cartella S, Cavazzana I, Ceribelli A, Inverardi F, Tincani A, Franceschini F. Evaluation of mortality, disease activity, treatment, clinical and immunological features of adult and late onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity. 2013;46(6):363-368.
Lalani S, Pope J, de Leon F, Peschken C, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the 1000 faces of lupus study. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(1):38-44.
Kammer GM, Mishra N. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000:26(3);475-492.
Lanham JG, Hughes GR. Antimalarial therapy in SLE. Clin Rheum Dis. 1982:8(1);279-298.
Marks JS, Power BJ. Is chloroquine obsolete in treatment of rheumatic disease? Lancet. 1979:1(8112);371-373.
The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group. A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med. 1991:324;150-154.
Fessler BJ, Alarcón GS, McGwin G Jr, Roseman J, Bastian HM, Friedman AW, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic group: XVI. Hydroxychloroquine usage is associated with a lower risk of damage accrual. Arthritis Rheum. 2005:52(5);1473-1480.
Alarcon GS, McGwin G Jr, Bertoli AM, Fessler BJ, Calvo-Alén J, Bastian HM, et al. Effect of hydroxychloroquine in the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Data from LUMINA, a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA L). Ann Rheum Dis. 2007:66;1168-1172.
Tsakonas E, Joseph L, Esdaile JM, Choquette D, Senécal JL, Cividino A, et al. A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group. Lupus. 1998:7(2);80-85.
Ajeganova S, Gustafsson T, Jogestrand T, Frostegård J, Hafström I. Bone mineral density and carotid atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a controlled cross-sectional study. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2015;17(1):84.
Arnaud L, Mathian A, Boddaert J, Amoura Z. Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Drugs Aging. 2012;29(3):181-189.
Maddison P, Farewell V, Isenberg D, Aranow C, Bae SC, Barr S, et al. The rate and pattern of organ damage in late onset systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(5):913-917.
De Leonardis F, Govoni M, Colina M, Bruschi M, Trotta F. Elderly-onset gout: a review. Rheumatol Int. 2007;28(1):1-6.
Bolzetta F, Veronese N, Manzato E, Sergi G. Tophaceous gout in the elderly: a clinical case review. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(7):1127-1132.
Ene-Stroescu D, Gorbien MJ. A primer on late-onset gout. Geriatrics. 2005;60(7):24-31.
Bolzetta F, Veronese N, Manzato E, Sergi G. Tophaceous gout in the elderly: a clinical case review. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(7):1127-1132.
Fam AG, Stein J, Rubenstein J. Gouty arthritis in nodal osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1996;23(4):684-689.
Macfarlane DG, Dieppe PA. Diuretic-induced gout in elderly women. Br J Rheumatol. 1985;24(2):155-157.
Wallace SL, Robinson H, Masi AT, Decker JL, McCarty DJ, Yu TF. Preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary gout. Arthritis Rheum 1977 Apr;20(3):895-900.
National Center for Health Statistics: Health, United States, 2009: With special feature on medical technology. Hyattsville: Centers for Disease Control. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010.
Fam AG. Gout in the elderly. Drugs Aging. 1998;13(3):229-243.
Hoskison KT, Wortmann RL. Management of gout in older adults: barriers to optimal control. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(1):21-36.
Jackson R, Hunt B, MacDonald PA. The efficacy and safety of febuxostat for urate lowering in gout patients ≥ 65 years of age. BMC Geriatrics. 2012;12:11.
Alba MA, Velasco C, Simeón CP, Fonollosa V, Trapiella L, Egurbide MV, et al. RESCLE Registry. Early- versus late-onset systemic sclerosis: differences in clinical presentation and outcome in 1037 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93(2):73-81.
Hasegawa M, Hatta Y, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Fujimoto M, Takehara K. Clinical and laboratory features dependent on age at onset in Japanese systemic sclerosis. Mod Rheumatol. 2013;23(5):913-919.
Manno RL, Wigley FM, Gelber AC, Hummers LK. Late-age onset systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2011 Jul;38(7):1317-1325.
Hügle T, Schuetz P, Daikeler T, Tyndall A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Walker UA, et al. Late-onset systemic sclerosis- a systematic survey of the EULAR scleroderma trials and research group database. Rheumatology. 2011;50(1):161-165.
Volkov AV, Starovoĭtova MN, Guseva NG. Characteristics of clinical symptoms and course of systemic scleroderma depending on sex and age of onset. Ter Arkh. 2004;76(5):7-11.
Dalziel JA, Wilcock GK. Progressive systemic sclerosis in the elderly. Postgrad Med J. 1979;55(641):192-193.
Manno RL, Wigley FM, Hummer LK. Late-Age Onset Scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60 Suppl 10:1733.
